一、对比表转折：Alternatively、Nevertheless、Reciprocally、In contrast、nonetheless、conversely、Whereas
1. Alternatively（adv）另一方面、或者
例句：The fronto-central N2 may be relatively insensitive to such transfer effects. Alternatively, conflict adaptation effects on the fronto-central N2 may have been obscured by the introduction of a second spatial dimension.
额中央的N2可能对这种转移效应相对不敏感。另一方面，冲突适应对额中央N2的影响可能被第二个空间维度的引入所掩盖。
2. Nevertheless（adv）然而、不过，虽然如此
例句：Schizophrenia is a complex and heritable disorder. Nevertheless, molecular genetics of schizophrenia remains inconclusive.
精神分裂症是一种复杂的遗传性疾病。然而，精神分裂症的分子遗传学仍然没有定论。
3. Reciprocally（adv）相反的
例句：They (microorganisms) biotransform food components and produce metabolites, which in combination with food components shape and modulate the host immune system and metabolic responses. Reciprocally, the diet modulates the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiota, which …..
它们（微生物）生物转化食物成分并产生代谢物，代谢物与食物成分结合形成和调节宿主免疫系统和代谢反应。反过来饮食调节肠道微生物群的组成和功能能力…..
4. In contrast，相比之下，与此相反
例句：The ability of platelets to promote carcinoma and melanoma progression has been thoroughly studied and occurs in numerous ways. In contrast, the effect of platelets on sarcomas, tumors arising from mesenchymal cells, has received very little attention.
血小板促进癌症和黑色素瘤进展的能力已被彻底研究，并以多种方式发生。相比之下，血小板对由间充质细胞引起的肉瘤的影响却很少受到关注。
5. Nonetheless（adv）尽管如此、但是、然而
例句：The management of advanced-stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been transformed by the development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nonetheless, most patients do not derive durable clinical benefit from these agents.
免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)的发展改变了晚期肾细胞癌(RCC)的管理。然而，大多数患者不能从这些药物中获得持久的临床益处。
6. Conversely（adv）然而、相反的
例句：Here we show that deficiency in NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) impairs glycolysis induction, rendering CD8+ effector T cells hypofunctional in the tumor microenvironment. Conversely, ectopic expression of NIK promotes CD8+ T cell metabolism and effector function.
本研究发现，NF-κ b诱导激酶(NIK)的缺失会破坏糖酵解诱导，导致CD8+效应T细胞在肿瘤微环境中的功能下降。相反，NIK的异位表达促进CD8+ T细胞的代谢和效应功能。
7. Whereas（conj）然而、但是
例句：FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) has been found to regulate various pulmonary diseases, whereas, the role and mechanism of FGF21 in lung cancer remain unclear. FGF21(成纤维细胞生长因子21)已被发现可以调节多种肺部疾病，但FGF21在肺癌中的作用和机制尚不清楚。
二、强调表转折：Particularly、Notably、Especially、Specifically
1. Particularly（adv）特别的、尤其
例句：…… revealed homogeneous distribution of CD38 molecules on the cell membrane. Particularly important is that combining ricolinostat with daratumumab induced enhanced lysis of MM cells.
表明细胞膜上CD38分子分布均匀。尤其重要的是，ricolinostat与daratumumab联合使用可促进MM细胞的溶解。
2. Notably（adv）显著地、尤其
例句：Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer; notably, gastric cancer is one of the top five malignancies with regards to incidence and mortality rates.
胃癌是最常见的癌症类型之一;值得注意的是，胃癌是发病率和死亡率排名前五的恶性肿瘤之一。